The association between air pollution parameters and emergency department visits and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases: a time-series analysis

Abstract

Objective In this study, the association between cardiovascular and respiratory Emergency Department (ED) visits and hospitalizations and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <= 10 mu m (PM10) was determined. Methods The records of a total of 632,223 people diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases (ICD-10 code I00-I99) and respiratory diseases (ICD-10 code J00-J99) at and over the age of 18 between 2012 and 2018 in three hospitals in Karaman in Turkey were examined in the present study. The daily 24-h averages for SO2 and PM10 concentrations were acquired in National Air Quality Monitoring. A time-series analysis with Poisson Generalized Linear Model was used. Results Among the air pollution parameters, the mean +/- standard deviation of SO2 and PM10 were 16.2 +/- 22.1 and 75.8 +/- 48.2 mu g/m(3), respectively. An increase of 10 mu g/m(3) in SO2 was associated with a 3% [Relative Risk (RR), 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2-4)] increase in cardiovascular ED visit and 2% (RR, 95% CI 2-3) increase in respiratory ED visit, and 1% (RR, 95% CI 1-3) increase in respiratory hospitalizations. An increase of 10 mu g/m(3) in PM10 was associated with a 1% (RR, 95% CI 1-2) increase in cardiovascular hospitalizations. Conclusions Increases in SO2 are a risk factor for cardiovascular and respiratory ED visits, and respiratory hospitalizations. Increases in PM10 are a risk factor for cardiovascular hospitalizations.